Book 3: Difference between revisions
Ddsg-admin (talk | contribs) |
Ddsg-admin (talk | contribs) |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
===I. 靠 to rely on, by means of=== | ===I. 靠 to rely on, by means of=== | ||
* 靠 without another verb means "to rely upon" | |||
* 靠 + verb means "through <verb>" | |||
===II. 即…又… not merely..., but ...as well=== | ===II. 即…又… not merely..., but ...as well=== | ||
| Line 61: | Line 63: | ||
===IV. 占 to constitute=== | ===IV. 占 to constitute=== | ||
占 + percentage or rank | |||
===V. (在) NP上 regarding NP=== | ===V. (在) NP上 regarding NP=== | ||
| Line 66: | Line 69: | ||
===VI. 給…帶來 to bring... to...=== | ===VI. 給…帶來 to bring... to...=== | ||
給 <recipient> 帶來 <something> | |||
===VII. 結果 consequently, in the end=== | ===VII. 結果 consequently, in the end=== | ||
A 結果 B: B is the result of A. Emphasis on B. B is an undesirable, non-ideal, or unexpected result of A. B typically is an undesirable or negative situation. | A 結果 B: B is the result of A. Emphasis on B. B is an undesirable, non-ideal, or unexpected result of A. B typically is an undesirable or negative situation. | ||
=Chapter 10= | =Chapter 10= | ||
| Line 137: | Line 140: | ||
==Vocabulary I== | ==Vocabulary I== | ||
===利益=== | |||
Gains, benefits. Compare with 「利潤」：profit from sales (narrower definition). | |||
===娶=== | |||
To take a woman in marriage/to make them your wife. | |||
Compare with 嫁, to marry a husband. | |||
===打敗=== | |||
Usage: 「X 打敗了 Y」 “X defeated Y" | |||
Compare with 打輸 (to lose): 「Y 打輸了」 "Y lost" | |||
==Vocabulary II== | ==Vocabulary II== | ||
===遷移=== | |||
Often: 「往X遷移」："to migrate towards X" | |||
==Grammar Notes== | ==Grammar Notes== | ||
===I. 到底 after all? how on earth?=== | |||
Usage: | |||
# Clarify unclear situation | |||
# Meaning "finally", after expecting something to happen (negative implication that it took too long) | |||
到底 must come before any question words (eg. 誰, 哪裡, etc.) | |||
===II. 甚至 even=== | |||
Or, "to go so far as..." | |||
===III. 這麼說 that being the case, in that case=== | |||
Pattern is 這麼說 + some consequence or interpretation of the previous speaker's statement | |||
===IV. 跟B有關的A A is related to B=== | |||
Example:「跟網購糾紛有關的新聞」 "news related to online shopping disputes" | |||
===V. 不得不 have no choice but to=== | |||
Used when talking about a last resort, no other choice but to... | |||
===VI. 以及 as well as=== | |||
A flexible conjunction that connects nouns or sentences. | |||
=Chapter 12= | =Chapter 12= | ||
==Vocabulary I== | ==Vocabulary I== | ||
===抱歉=== | |||
抱歉 vs. 道歉 (commonly mixed up, pay attention)： | |||
* 抱歉：to be sorry, eg. 「我很抱歉」 "I am sorry" | |||
* 道歉：to apologize, apology, eg. 「我會跟她道歉」 "I am going to apologize to her" | |||
===勸=== | |||
To persuade or attempt to change somebody's point of view because you think they are incorrect. | |||
Compare with 說服, meaning to persuade or convince somebody to do something (regardless of correctness). | |||
===熱衷=== | |||
Enthusiastic or passionate about something, practically to the point of obsession. | |||
Can be used directly with object, or using 對+很: | |||
* 「他熱衷寶可夢」 "he is crazy about Pokémon" | |||
* 「他對火車很熱衷」 "he is obsessed with trains" | |||
熱衷 vs. 熱心: | |||
* 熱衷：Vst, must be followed by an object (eg. trains, dancing, computers, etc.) | |||
* 熱心：Vs, does not take an object. 熱心 means to be passionate (in general or in a context established by the sentence) | |||
===表達=== | |||
To express one's true feelings or thoughts. | |||
Compare with 表現 meaning "to express" (but the speaker could think differently than they behave). | |||
===反映=== | |||
Same as 表示 except 反映 is used when talking about large groups. | |||
===權利=== | |||
A right (as in human rights). Note: don't mix up with 權力 (same pronunciation, means "power") | |||
===積極=== | |||
To take the initiative; to be active, energetic, positive. | |||
==Vocabulary II== | ==Vocabulary II== | ||
===安定=== | |||
Often 「安定下來」：to marry, settle down | |||
===暫時=== | |||
Adv. meaning "temporarily". Often used with 一陣子 (a time word meaning "a while", same grammatical usage as eg. 一個月). | |||
「我暫時會住在這裡一陣子」 "I will live here temporarily for a while" | |||
===退休=== | |||
To retire. | |||
Note: Cannot take an object, 退休+obj. is incorrect! | |||
===義務=== | |||
Duty, obligation. | |||
Note: the textbook definition "to volunteer, on a voluntary basis, to do something gratis" is not commonly used with 義務. The textbook definition is better suited to 志願 (zhìyuàn). | |||
===辭掉=== | |||
To quit, resign. | |||
Usage examples: 「辭掉工作」，「把工作辭掉了」 | |||
Compare with 辭職，離開： both 辭職工作 and 離開工作 are more positive sounding than 辭掉工作. | |||
===儘可能=== | |||
To do one's best in spite of external factors that may arise (eg. leaving early in case there's a traffic jam on the way) | |||
Compare with 儘量, meaning to do one's best (work faster, harder, etc.) | |||
==Additional Vocabulary== | |||
===為 vs 為了=== | |||
* 為+人+V | |||
* 為了+目的+V | |||
==Grammar Notes== | ==Grammar Notes== | ||
===I. 只不過…（而已）=== | |||
===II. Introducing an Agent with 由=== | |||
"It's up to (agent)..." | |||
===III. 難道…=== | |||
<with a suspicious feeling> "Could it be the case that...?" | |||
===IV. To Reach a Ceiling with 滿=== | |||
===V. Beneficiary marker 為=== | |||
===VI. （在）…方面=== | |||