Book 4
Chapter 1
Vocabulary Notes
溫暖 vs 暖和 vs 溫馨
- 溫暖 applies to people/behavior (friendly, caring, or kind) and weather/environment (warm)
- 暖和 means a warm weather or a warm environment
- 溫馨 applies to relationships, meaning something like "sweet"
Additional Vocabulary
Grammar Notes
I. 與其 A…不如…B B rather than A
II. 就 on the contrary
III. A Summary of the Various Usages of 就
IV. 別說A，就是B也… never mind A, even B is the case…
V. 簡直 to put it simply and plainly, it seems as if
VI. 不至於 but the situation would not be so bad as to…
VII. 往往 usually; tend to
VIII. Do Something Just for Fun V著玩
Chapter 2
Vocabulary I
穿著 chuānzhuó apparel, clothing
Pronounced chuānzhuó (note rising tone on zhuó). Meaning is apparel, the clothes one is currently wearing.
避免，免得
演出者
熟
提
咳嗽
水準
Vocabulary II
仔細，細節，細心，粗心，用心
留意，注意
滿足，滿意
中場，終場
Additional Vocabulary
怎麼說呢？
聽眾
讀者
To play a musical instrument: 彈，拉，打
Grammar Notes
I. Verb Complement 成 successful(ly)
II. 萬一 supposing, in the event of something negative
III. 以為
IV. Adverb 可
V. 免得 lest, so as to avoid
VI. 曾經 experience in the past, V'ed before
VII. Enumeration Particle 等 etc…
VIII. Marking a Verb with the Particle 所
Chapter 3
Vocabulary I
划算
Negation: 不划算
落差
Usage: A根B有落差 / 很（大/小）的落差
Comparison of 落差 with 不同 and 差別:
落差 has a "not good enough" connotation and is used to compare good/bad or high/low, whereas 差別 and 不同 are neutral.
Eg. 文化有差別 (there are cultural differences) does not have a negative connotation.
「聽說網路上有的圖片跟實際的商品落差很大……」(I've heard there's sometimes a big difference between the photos online and the actual products) implies the actual products are not as good as the ones in the online photos.
資訊
資訊 vs. 資料: 資訊 is organized information/data, 資料 is raw or unorganized information/data.
疑問
Usage: 對X有疑問
後悔
後悔 is both V and Vs.
Usage: 「我怕買了會後悔」 "I am afraid I will regret buying it". 「我很後悔買那輛車」 "I regret buying that car".
後悔 vs. 遺憾:
- 後悔 refers to remediable regrets, eg. missing a concert
- 遺憾 is more serious, is a noun and is used with unfixable situations, eg. feeling responsible and regretful for someone's death. A common phrase is 「留下遺憾」 "to have regrets/remorse".
從前
A very long time ago, much longer than 以前. An elderly person may use 從前 to talk about their youth.
通常
Weaker than 一向 in most situations.
Vocabulary II
取代
取代 vs. 代替 vs. 替換:
- 取代: To replace (object), long-term or forever. Example： 「現代人用電子郵件取代筆紙寫信」: "modern people use email as a replacement for writing letters with pen and paper"
- 代替: To substitute (temporarily), eg. substitute honey for sugar when cooking
- 替換: To exchange or replace an object (often a broken object; eg. a car's tire) with another
影集
影集 vs. 連續劇:
- 影集 is an episodic TV show (often the same characters every episode but each episode is a self-contained story)
- 連續劇 is a serial TV show, meaning a long single story that progresses across different episodes
取得
Usage: 取得+object
取得 is formal and must be used with "formal" objects or abstract objects.
Examples:
- 取得資格: To obtain a qualification (by taking a course, passing an examination, etc.)
- 取得學位: To be granted an academic degree
- 取得資料: To access information
Negation: 無法取得+object (cannot get object)
避開
To avoid (by staying away from, taking a different route, using a different method)
Examples:
- 避開路段: Avoid a section of road by going around
- 避開（情況/東西/人）: To avoid something (a situation, an object, a person) by staying away
- 避開問題: To avoid encountering a problem (by doing something else)
此外
Better translated as "besides this..."