Book 4/ja: Difference between revisions

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<languages/>
<languages/>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
= 第１章 =
= 第１章 =
== 単語 ==
=== 溫暖 vs 暖和 vs 溫馨 ===
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===上癮===
To be addicted (to something).
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Usages:
* 她對（某個東西）上癮: she is addicted to (something)
* 她看恐怖片看上癮了: she is addicted to watching horror movies
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===刺激===
Stimulating (Vs), to stimulate (V), stimulation (N).
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Vocabulary II ==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===寂寞===
Lonely and isolated feeling (but not necessarily physically alone).
</div>


== 単語　==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Compare with 孤單, which means "alone".
</div>


=== 溫暖 vs 暖和 vs 溫馨 ===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===網友===
Literally "online friend", but often implies online dating
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===陪伴===
To keep somebody company
Usages:
* 他陪伴（某個人）: he accompanies (somebody)
* 他是她的陪伴: he is her companion
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===紓解===
To relieve (pressure, stress). See also 減輕 (to reduce).
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===轉換===
Often used with:
* 心情：「轉換心情」 "to change one's mood"
* 跑道：「轉換跑道」 "to change one's path (in life)"
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===虛擬===
Virtual or fictional. Opposite of 現實.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===現實===
Actual, real. Opposite of 虛擬. Means "materialistic" and carries a negative connotation if used to describe a person (use 實際 instead to mean "practical" or "realistic" without the negative connotation).
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===期待===
Expectations (N), to look forward to or be excited for an upcoming event (V)
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===喘氣===
To gasp, pant. V-sep, Vs
</div>


溫暖　人/行動　(良好的、思いやり、又は親切) そして天候/環境　（暖かい）　などに適用される
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Usages:
* 喘喘氣
* 喘一口氣 (V-sep)
* 很喘 (Vs)
</div>


暖和 は暖かい天気、又は暖かい環境を意味する
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===懂得===
To comprehend, to understand.
</div>


溫馨　関係に適用される
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Used to describe experience-based understanding of something complex. Cannot be used as drop-in replacement for 懂.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===陷阱===
A trap, a snare
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Usages:
* 設下陷阱： to set a trap
* 掉（進/入）陷阱： to fall into a trap, to get trapped
</div>


<span id="Additional_Vocabulary"></span>
<span id="Additional_Vocabulary"></span>
==単語==
==単語==


與其 A…不如…B AよりはむしろB
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
*溫暖　人/行動　(良好的、思いやり、又は親切) そして天候/環境　（暖かい）　などに適用される
*暖和 は暖かい天気、又は暖かい環境を意味する
*溫馨　関係に適用される
</div>
 
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===I. 與其 A…不如…B AよりはむしろB===
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Colloquially 與其 can be omitted.
</div>


<span id="II._就_on_the_contrary"></span>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
就　反対に、それどころか
* A and B can be verbs, nouns, or sentences
</div>


<span id="III._A_Summary_of_the_Various_Usages_of_就"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
就の多様な使い方
===II. 就 反対に、それどころか===
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===III. A Summary of the Various Usages of 就===
</div>
</div>


<span id="IV._別說A，就是B也…_never_mind_A,_even_B_is_the_case…"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
別說A，就是B也… Aはもちろんのこと、Bさえも...である
===III. 就の多様な使い方　===
</div>
</div>


<span id="V._簡直_to_put_it_simply_and_plainly,_it_seems_as_if"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
簡直（簡単に言えば）まるで〜のようだ
===IV. 別說A，就是B也… Aはもちろんのこと、Bさえも...である===
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===V. 簡直 to put it simply and plainly, it seems as if===
簡直 is similar to how "basically" is used when exaggerating in English, eg. "she's basically a genius"
</div>
</div>


<span id="VI._不至於_but_the_situation_would_not_be_so_bad_as_to…"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
不至於（しかし状況は）〜ほどではない
===V. 簡直（簡単に言えば）まるで〜のようだ===
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===VI. 不至於 but the situation would not be so bad as to&#x2026;===
</div>
</div>


<span id="VII._往往_usually;_tend_to"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
往往　いつも、大体、傾向がある、〜しがちである
===VI. 不至於（しかし状況は）〜ほどではない===
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===VII. 往往 usually; tend to===
</div>
</div>


<span id="VIII._Do_Something_Just_for_Fun_V著玩"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
楽しみのためにVする　V著玩
===VII. 往往　大体、傾向がある、〜しがちである===
</div>
</div>
<span id="VIII._Do_Something_Just_for_Fun_V著玩"></span>
===VIII. 楽しみのためにVする　V著玩===


=第２章=
=第２章=
==単語　I==
==単語 I==
 
===穿著 chuānzhuó 衣服、服装===
=== 穿著 chuānzhuó 衣服　=== 現在着用している服


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</div>
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==単語　II==
==Vocabulary II==
 
===仔細，細節，細心，粗心，用心===
===仔細，細節，細心，粗心，用心===
</div>


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</div>
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=追加の単語==
==Additional Vocabulary==
===怎麼說呢？===
</div>


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<span id="To_play_a_musical_instrument:_彈，拉，打"></span>
<span id="To_play_a_musical_instrument:_彈，拉，打"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===楽器を演奏する時：彈，拉，打===
音楽を演奏するには：彈，拉，打
</div>


==文法表現==
==文法表現==
 
===I.〜を成した、成功した===
約束、仕事の成功、動詞が成功出来ることを示す
 
〜を成した、成功した


<span id="II._萬一_supposing,_in_the_event_of_something_negative"></span>
<span id="II._萬一_supposing,_in_the_event_of_something_negative"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===II. 萬一　仮に、望ましくない事が発生した場合===
萬一　仮に、望ましくない事が発生した場合
</div>


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<span id="IV._Adverb_可"></span>
<span id="IV._Adverb_可"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===IV.副詞の可===
副詞の可
</div>


<span id="V._免得_lest,_so_as_to_avoid"></span>
<span id="V._免得_lest,_so_as_to_avoid"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===V. 免得　〜しないように===
免得　〜しないように
</div>


<span id="VI._曾經_experience_in_the_past,_V&#039;ed_before"></span>
<span id="VI._曾經_experience_in_the_past,_V&#039;ed_before"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===VI.曾經　過去の経験、以前Vした===
曾經　過去の経験、以前Vした
</div>


<span id="VII._Enumeration_Particle_等_etc…"></span>
<span id="VII._Enumeration_Particle_等_etc…"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===VII. 列挙を表す　等===
列挙を表す　等
</div>


<span id="VIII._Marking_a_Verb_with_the_Particle_所"></span>
<span id="VIII._Marking_a_Verb_with_the_Particle_所"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
=== III. 所で動詞のマーキング===
所で動詞のマーキング
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=第３章=
=Chapter 3=
== 単語I ==
==Vocabulary I==
</div>


===划算===
===划算===
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使い方:A跟B有落差 / 很（大/小）的落差
使い方:A跟B有落差 / 很（大/小）的落差


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
落差、不同、差別の違い:
Comparison of 落差 with 不同 and 差別:
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
「落差」には”十分ではない”という意味合いが含まれているのに対して「差別」と「不同」は中立の立場にある。
落差 has a "not good enough" connotation and is used to compare good/bad or high/low, whereas 差別 and 不同 are neutral.
</div>


文化有差別 （文化的な違いがある）に否定的もしくはネガティブな意味は含まれていない
文化有差別 （文化的な違いがある）に否定的もしくはネガティブな意味は含まれていない
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偽造品のランクの中で「A貨」は最上級を示す
偽造品のランクの中で「A貨」は最上級を示す


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===資訊===
===資訊===
資訊 vs. 資料: 資訊 is organized information/data, 資料 is raw or unorganized information/data.
資訊と資料の違い
</div>
 
資訊は組織化されたデータ/情報
資料はローデータ/資訊と違い組織化されていないデータ


===疑問===
===疑問===
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後悔と遺憾の違い：
後悔と遺憾の違い：


後悔　修復可能な後悔を指す
*後悔　修復可能な後悔を指す


遺憾（名詞）　”後悔”と比べてより深刻な状況を指す。加えて取り返しのつかないような状況下で使われる。例えば、誰かの死に対する責任と後悔。よくある言い回し「留下遺憾」
*遺憾（名詞）　”後悔”と比べてより深刻な状況を指す。加えて取り返しのつかないような状況下で使われる。例えば、誰かの死に対する責任と後悔。よくある言い回し「留下遺憾」


===認證===
===認證===
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===通常===
===通常===
通常、一般的に。一般とほぼ互換性がある。
通常、一般的に。一般とほぼ互換性がある。


平常と通常：
平常と通常：


平常：習慣的に、頻繁に（いくつかの詳細が必要）例文：「我平常早上八點運動」”私は通常、朝8時に運動します”
*平常：習慣的に、頻繁に（いくつかの詳細が必要）例文：「我平常早上八點運動」”私は通常、朝8時に運動します”


「我平常運動」の場合、詳細や情報が含まれていないため間違った文章となる。この例文においては止め処なく運動することを意味する。
「我平常運動」の場合、詳細や情報が含まれていないため間違った文章となる。この例文においては止め処なく運動することを意味する。


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Vocabulary_II"></span>
==Vocabulary II==
==単語 II==
</div>


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</div>
</div>


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===取得===
===取得===
Usage: 取得+object
使い方: 取得+目的語
</div>


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例：
例：


取得資格：資格を取得する
*取得資格：資格を取得する
 
*取得學位：学位を取得する
取得學位：学位を取得する
*取得資料：情報を得る
 
取得資料：情報を得る


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=== 若 ===
=== 若 ===
「如果」と同じ意味と使い方
「如果」と同じ意味と使い方


=== 例子 ===
=== 例子 ===
よくある言い回し：「舉個例子來說……」：”例えば/例えると...”
よくある言い回し：「舉個例子來說……」：”例えば/例えると...”


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== 過度 ===
=== 過度 ===
To be overly-something, eg.
過度に何かをする
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* 過度使用：過度に使う
* 過度使用：To overuse
* 過度負責：
* 過度負責：To overcomplicate
* 過度認真：過度に真剣/真面目
* 過度認真：Overly serious
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=== 戶外 ===
=== 戶外 ===
Antonym of 室內 (indoors)
「室內」の対義語
</div>


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沉：沈む 浮の反対.
沉：To sink, opposite of 浮 (to float).
</div>


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<span id="Grammar_Notes"></span>
==Grammar Notes==
==文法表現==
</div>
 
===I. 何必 何故〜なのか、何故〜しなければいけないのか===
修辞疑問（答えを求めていない）”〜する必要があるのか？” 話し手の意図している事をあえて疑問文で述べている。
 
使い方：＜原因＞＋何必＋＜動詞＞


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===I. 何必 why must===
A rhetorical question, "does one really need to... ?" in response to a statement.
</div>


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例文：「外面天氣那麼好應該出去走走，何必在家看電視？」
Usage: <reason/excuse> + 何必 + <action from original statement>
（外の天気があんなにも良いんだから外に出かけた方がいい、どうして/何故家でテレビを見る必要があるのか？）
</div>


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「臺北有捷運，你和必買車呢？」
Example: 「臺北有捷運，你和必買車呢？」 "Taipei has MRT, do you really need to buy a car?"
（台北にはMRTあるのに、あなたはどうして車を買う必要があるのか？/本当に車を買う必要があるのか？）
</div>


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===II. 不見得 〜だとは限らない===
===II. 不見的 not necessarily===
「有沒有」，「是不是」の様な形式の質問には使うことができない。その場合には「不一定」が使われる。
Cannot be used to answer 「有沒有」，「是不是」  type questions. For those, use 「不一定」.
</div>


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<span id="III._嘛_isn&#039;t_it_obvious_that"></span>
===III. 嘛 isn't it obvious that===
===III. 嘛 明らかじゃないですか、〜ではないですか===
</div>


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===IV. V動詞＋慣===
===IV. Verb Particle 慣===
使い方：
Usage:
</div>


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看不慣：否認/否定する、嫌う
看不慣 means to disapprove of, to dislike.
</div>


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口語的表現：「V（動詞）不太慣」、Vすることにあまり慣れていない
Colloquial use: 「V不太慣 」, meaning not quite used to Ving.
</div>


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</div>
</div>


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*「我做不慣家事」：（家事（をすること）に慣れていない）
* 「我做不慣家事」 "I'm not used to doing housework"
*「我住慣了鄉下了」：（田舎に住むのも慣れた）
* 「我住慣了鄉下了」 "I've gotten used to living in the countryside"
</div>


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</div>
</div>


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* 「你一個人搬得動嗎？」  
* 「你一個人搬得動嗎？」 are you able to move it by yourself?
* 「他受傷了，恐怕跑不動」  
* 「他受傷了，恐怕跑不動」 he was injured and may be unable to run
* 「拿得動」 , 「拿不動」
* 「拿得動」 can pick it up, 「拿不動」 cannot pick it up
</div>


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<span id="VI._無形中_without_knowing_it,_and_before_you_know_it"></span>
===VI. 無形中 without knowing it, and before you know it===
===VI. 無形中 知らないうちに、いつの間にか===
</div>


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</div>
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===VIII. 總而言之 つまり===
===VIII. 總而言之 in short===
意味はつまり、省略するとになる。「總而言之」に続く文は前の文と関連付け、結論を述べるために使われる
Means in conclusion, or in short. What follows is a summary or brief conclusion based on prior statements.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
「總之」に省略できる
Can be abbreviated to 總之
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Additional_Vocabulary"></span>
==Additional Vocabulary==
==単語==
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===容量===
===容量===
Storage space, i.e. GB, TB.
容量、ボリューム
</div>


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</div>
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===解約===
===解約===
To end/terminate a contract
解約、契約を終了する
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Line 487: Line 541:
</div>
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===撿起來===
===撿起來===
To pick up off the ground
地面から拾う
</div>


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Line 502: Line 554:
</div>
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===刪除===
===刪除===
To delete
消去、削除する
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===封鎖===
===封鎖===
To block (somebody's account)
封鎖する（SNS上で誰かのアカウントをブロックする時にも使われる）
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===正本===
===正本===
Original copy
原本
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===影本===
===影本===
Photocopy (N)
コピー（名刺）
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===影印===
===影印===
Photocopy (V)
コピー（動詞）、コピーする
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===崇拜===
===崇拜===
To idolize, worship
崇拝する
</div>


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===回答と答案===
===回答と答案===
回答:（動詞、名詞）答え
*回答:（動詞、名詞）答え
 
*答案:（名詞）解決策、正しい答え　
答案:（名詞）解決策、正しい答え


===正確===
===正確===
Line 579: Line 618:
===錯誤===
===錯誤===
不正解、間違い（形容詞、名詞）
不正解、間違い（形容詞、名詞）
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
= Chapter 4 =
==Vocabulary I==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===欸===
欸 has different meanings depending on the tone.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
2nd tone: 欸 (éi) "huh?"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
3rd tone: 欸 (ěi) (of an authority figure to an underling) "what is it that do you think you're doing?"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
4th tone: 欸 (èi) "hey!"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===衣櫥===
Alternatively, 衣櫃
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===在意===
vs. 在乎：
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
在意 means to mind something (it affects one's emotions)
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
在乎 means to think something is important
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The difference is clearer in the negative:
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
不在意 means to be unaffected by, or to not mind something
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
不在乎 means to not care about something
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===角度===
A common phrase is 「站在X的角度…」, "to see it from X's perspective..."
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===學問===
Measure word: 門
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===脾氣===
To lose one's temper: 發脾氣
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===鏡子===
Measure word: 面
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===床腳===
Head of the bed: 床頭
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===把===
Also means "a handful of", eg. 「一把糖果」 "a handful of candy"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===欺負===
Means "to tease" or "to pick on". 欺負 is less strong than 霸凌 (to bully).
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Vocabulary II==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===西元===
BC: 前西元
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===本身===
Means itself/themself. Can refer to people, things, events.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Grammar Notes==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===I. 總算 finally, speaking roughly (in the ballpark)===
總算 vs. 終於：
總算 can be used in place of 終於 to mean the same thing, "finally" or "at last".
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
總算 has an additional usage that 終於 does not have, meaning "at least" in the sense that a situation is imperfect but "at least" some result was achieved, even if not ideal. A common pattern is: 「雖然…但總算…」 "although... but at least...".
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In this usage, the event must have happened in the past.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For example:
Even though I didn't do perfectly on this test, but at least I did alright.
「雖然這次考試也不是考的很好，但總算還可以」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It is more natural to put the subject before 總算, eg. 「雖然成績不理想，但我總算考上了」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===II. 還不過是 nothing more than===
This expression means that the speaker considers whatever follows as unexceptional or unremarkable. It can be considered slightly impolite if describing somebody else's activities. This expression is usually used in response to a question.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===III. Outright Denial with 才===
This 才 is used to make an intense, angry refutation to some statement.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There are two ways to respond to a statement with this grammar: (1) negate the original statement or (2) alter the subject of the original statement. It is incorrect to do both (1) and (2) at the same time. If the original statement is a negative (i.e. contains 不) the response MUST be a double negative.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example of negating the original statement (1):
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A: 聽說你喜歡小林
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
B: 我才不喜歡他！
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example of (1) with double negative:
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A：網購不安全，實體購物比較好
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
B：網購才不是不安全！
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example of altering the subject of the original statement (2):
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A：草莓冰淇淋最好吃
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
B：巧克力冰淇淋才是最好吃!
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===IV. A Summary of the Various Usages of 才===
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===V. 所謂（的）A是指B so called A refers to B===
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===VI. 一口氣===
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===VII. 光A就… just A alone...===
Just/even A alone exceeds common expectations.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This structure emphasizes the excessiveness or some situation using (A) as an example. If (A) is a particularly excessive example, the 光…就 pattern is identical to 連…都.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example of 光…就 having usage identical to 連…都:
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
「最近房價那麼貴，聽說光有錢人就買不起房子」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
「最近房價那麼貴，聽說連有錢人都買不起房子」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
“Housing prices are so high lately that even rich people can't afford to buy a house
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example where 光…就 cannot be swapped with 連…都 because the example (A) is not extreme:
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
「最近好熱，光昨天就超過三十度」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
"It's been so hot recently, just yesterday it was over 30°"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===VIII. Expressing Displeasure or Annoyance with 都===
Here 都 roughly translates as "already", (eg. "I've already waited for two hours!"). The speaker expresses annoyance that some aspect of the situation has exceeded a reasonable limit.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
「你都睡了十個鐘頭，怎麼還說很累？」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
"You already slept for 10 hours, how can you still be tired?"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Additional Vocabulary==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=Chapter 5=
==Vocabulary I==
===稀奇===
Means unusual, strange, eccentric. Can apply to good or bad situations.
vs. 難得：難得 refers to something that has already occurred an is desirable (i.e. rare).
===盲目===
To do something without regard，eg.
盲⽬升學：To blindly pursue studies
盲⽬跟隨：To blindly follow
盲⽬聽從：To blindly obey
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===逃避===
To evade responsibility
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Vocabulary II==
==I. Rhetorical Question with 哪裡==
==II. 畢竟 after all==
==III. 的確 indeed==
==IV. 話說回來 however, on the other hand==
==V. NP之所以S₂是因為S₁ S₂ is due to S₁==
==VI. 根本 not...at all==
==VII. 更別說…了 let alone, never mind==
==VIII. 恨不得 one really wishes one could...==
==Additional Vocabulary==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=Chapter 6=
==Vocabulary I==
===橋===
M: 座
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===強烈===
Used to describe weather, earthquakes, emotions, etc.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===預先===
vs. 事先：事先 means "before a (serious) event". 預先 means "in advance" without connotations of disaster.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===隨手===
Means "within easy reach" or "while you're there"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===白===
# To do something in vain (eg. 報告白寫了, to write a report in vain)
# To do something without paying, often with negative connotations (eg. 白吃)
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===嫌===
To complain about, be bothered by, disdain, or resent a specific thing (requires an object)
==Vocabulary II==
===災害===
Disaster/damage from a disaster. Often 「災害帶來的…」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Comparatively less serious in meaning than than 災難
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===災難===
A catastrophe. Used to describe huge or serious disasters (epidemic, war, earthquakes, etc.). Can also be used to describe personal disasters.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===狀況===
Often used with 出 or 發生, eg.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* 出新狀況
* 發生重大狀況
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===倒塌===
To collapse into pieces.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
vs. 倒下來： to tip over
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===平靜===
Non-emotional
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Additional Vocabulary==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==I. 怎麼這麼 why so...?==
==II. Intensifying Adverb 多 how==
==III. The Various Functions of 多==
==IV. 白 in vain, for nothing==
==V. 總是 always==
==VI. The Various Meanings of the Verb Complement 下來==
==VII. 當…的時候 when, while, at the time of==
==VIII. 反而 on the contrary==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=Chapter 7=
==Vocabulary I==
===交===
「交朋友」：To make friends in general Compare with 「做朋友」, which is used when becoming friends with a specific person.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===約會===
V-sep, N: To make a date (with somebody). A date.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Be careful, this means a date, not an appointment. To have an appointment is 「有會」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===一生===
One's life. Cannot say 「我的一生」, as this implies you've died and are speaking from the afterlife. Use 「我的人生」 here instead.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
一生 has a similar meaning to 一輩子
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===至少===
Means "at least". Use before verbs or quantities.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===實習===
To intern (V), an internship (N)
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Vocabulary II==
===目光===
Means "gaze" when talking about attraction, love.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Compare with 眼光, meaning ability to discern
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===於是===
Means "so" + "and then" 「所以」+ 「然後」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===煩惱===
To be troubled, vexed (Vs). Troubles (N).
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===告白===
To confess love (not used for confessing to crimes).
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Usage: 「跟/向/對 X 告白」
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===交往===
To date. Usage: A跟B交往
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===忌妒/嫉妒===
忌妒 and 嫉妒 have the same pronunciation and very similar meanings. Native speakers might not know the difference.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* 忌妒: jealous because somebody took something from me
* 嫉妒: envious because others have something I don't, or can do something I cannot
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===吃醋===
Usage: 「吃 X 的醋」 "to be jealous of X". Eg, a sibling getting better treatment.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===吻===
To kiss romantically, french kissing
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
vs. 親, a non-romantic kiss (eg. kiss a child)
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===一見鍾情===
Love at first sight.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Usage: 「我對 X 一見鍾情」 "I was in love with X at first sight"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Additional Vocabulary==
===會議===
Meeting (N)
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===開會===
Have a meeting V-sep
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==I. 還 to my surprise==
Expresses surprise that something is more/better than one expected. This grammar can be perceived as being slightly insulting, because it implies the speaker had lower hopes.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Eg. 「你的女朋友還很漂亮！」 "your girlfriend is actually pretty" (expressing surprise that she is pretty)
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Often this 還 is used with 真
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==II. Alternating Events with 一下…一下…==
In Taiwan often said as 一下子…一下子…
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==III.Various Fractions with A 分之 B==
Means <math>\frac{B}{A}</math>, i.e. "B out of A"
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==IV. 一連 without interruption, in rapid succession==
==V. To Have a Full Dosage of an Activity V個夠==
One-character verbs are better here from a style perspective
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==VI. 有助於 be conducive to==
==VII. 於是… thus, consequently==
==VIII. 向 to, toward==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=Chapter 8=
==Vocabulary I==
==Vocabulary II==
==Additional Vocabulary==
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=Chapter 9=
==Vocabulary I==
==Vocabulary II==
==Additional Vocabulary==
</div>
FuzzyBot
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